Optical fiber immunosensors based on surface plasmon resonance for the detection of Escherichia coli.

Every year, millions of people suffer some form of illness associated with the consumption of contaminated food. Escherichia coli (E. coli), found in the intestines of humans and other animals, is commonly associated with various diseases, due to the existence of pathogenic strains. Strict monitoring of food products for human consumption is essential to ensure public health, but traditional cell culture-based methods are associated with long waiting times and high costs. New approaches must be developed to achieve cheap, fast, and on-site monitoring. Thus, in this work, we developed optical fiber sensors based on surface plasmon resonance. Gold and cysteamine-coated fibers were functionalized with anti-E. coli antibody and tested using E. coli suspensions with concentrations ranging from 1 cell/mL to 105 cells/mL. An average logarithmic sensitivity of 0.21 ± 0.01 nm/log(cells/mL) was obtained for three independent assays. An additional assay revealed that including molybdenum disulfide resulted in an increase of approximately 50% in sensitivity. Specificity and selectivity were also evaluated, and the sensors were used to analyze contaminated water samples, which verified their promising applicability in the aquaculture field.

Potential of Viruses as Environmental Etiological Factors for Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts.

In this study, we analyzed the potential of viral infections in the species Homo sapiens as environmental causes of orofacial clefts (OFCs). A scoring system was adapted for qualitatively assessing the potential of viruses to cause cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). This assessment considered factors such as information from the literature, nucleotide and amino acid similarities, and the presence of Endogenous Viral Elements (EVEs). The analysis involved various algorithm packages within Basic Local Alignment Search Tool 2.13.0 software and databases from the National Center for Biotechnology Information and the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Twenty significant viral species using different biosynthesis strategies were identified: Human coronavirus NL63, Rio Negro virus, Alphatorquevirus homin9, Brisavirus, Cosavirus B, Torque teno mini virus 4, Bocaparvovirus primate2, Human coronavirus HKU1, Monkeypox virus, Mammarenavirus machupoense, Volepox virus, Souris mammarenavirus, Gammapapillomavirus 7, Betainfluenzavirus influenzae, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus, Ledantevirus kern, Gammainfluenzavirus influenzae, Betapolyomavirus hominis, Vesiculovirus perinet, and Cytomegalovirus humanbeta5. The evident viral etiological potential in relation to CL/P varies depending on the Baltimore class to which the viral species belongs. Given the multifactorial nature of CL/P, this relationship appears to be dynamic.

Anti-biofilm effectiveness of protocols for cleaning complete dentures in hospitalized patients: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Denture biofilm acts as a potential reservoir for respiratory pathogens, considerably increasing the risk of lung infections, specifically aspiration pneumonia, mainly 48h after hospital admission. The establishment of a straightforward, affordable, and applicable hygiene protocol in a hospital environment for the effective control of denture biofilm can be particularly useful to prevent respiratory infections or reduce the course of established lung disease. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the anti-biofilm effectiveness of denture cleaning protocols in hospitalized patients. METHODOLOGY: The maxillary complete dentures (MCDs) of 340 hospitalized participants were randomly cleaned once using one of the following 17 protocols (n=20): brushing with distilled water, toothpaste, or neutral liquid soap (controls); immersion in chemical solutions (1% sodium hypochlorite, alkaline peroxide, 0.12% or 2% chlorhexidine digluconate), or microwave irradiation (650 W for 3 min) combined or not with brushing. Before and after the application of the protocols, the biofilm of the intaglio surface of the MCDs was evaluated using two methods: denture biofilm coverage area (%) and microbiological quantitative cultures on blood agar and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (CFU/mL). Data were subjected to the Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: All 17 protocols significantly reduced the percentage area of denture biofilm and microbial and fungal load (P<0.05). The highest percentage reductions in the area of denture biofilm were observed for 1% hypochlorite solution with or without brushing and for 2% chlorhexidine solution and microwave irradiation only in association with brushing (P<0.05). The greatest reductions in microbial and fungal load were found for the groups that used solutions of 2% chlorhexidine and 1% hypochlorite and microwave irradiation, regardless of the association with brushing (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A single immersion for 10 min in 1% sodium hypochlorite, even in the absence of brushing, proved to be a straightforward, rapid, low-cost, and effective protocol for cleaning the dentures of hospitalized patients.

Mucoadhesive delivery systems for oral candidiasis treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the clinical and mycological effectiveness of mucoadhesives as vehicles for drugs or natural products in the treatment of oral candidiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The search for articles was carried out in the Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and SciELO databases before August 2023. We selected the studies, extracted the data, evaluated the study quality, graded the evidence, performed the risk of bias, and carried out meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 389 potentially relevant articles were identified, and 11 studies (1869 participants) met the inclusion criteria of the systematic review. The overall risk of bias was considered low. The most common presentation of mucoadhesives was tablets, with miconazole being the most frequently drug used in the delivery system. Mucoadhesives demonstrated comparable efficacy with topical or systemic antifungal agents, with no significant differences between treatments in terms of clinical (RR = 0.907; 95CI = 0.3-1.297; p = 0.591; I2 = 64.648) or mycological (RR = 0.95; 95CI = 0.667-1.360; p = 0.789; I2 = 73.271) efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Mucoadhesives may be a suitable alternative to conventional treatments, with the advantage of reducing the frequency of application by up to 5 times and the daily dosage by up to 20 times.

Facial Analysis of Patients with Unilateral or Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Using 3D Stereophotogrammetry.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the quantitative values of linear and angular facial anthropometrics in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and compare them with those of patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) using three-dimensional (3D) facial imaging. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational, and cross-sectional study. SETTING: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies/USP (HRAC/USP). PATIENTS/ PARTICIPANTS: In total, 61 non-syndromic patients with CLP who underwent multidisciplinary treatment and rehabilitated with a prosthesis were enrolled and divided into those with UCLP (G1; n = 31) and those with BCLP (G2; n = 30). INTERVENTION: Facial images were captured using a 3D camera after landmarks were marked on each patient's face. The software evaluated linear and angular parameters. Statistical tests were applied. Significance was determined as P < 0.05. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Overall, 22 linear and 13 angular measurements were evaluated. RESULTS: The nasal length (P = 0.08), middle third of the face (P = 0.06), base nose width (P < 0.001), nasal root width (P < 0.001), nasal tip angle (P = 0.018), philtrum width (P < 0.001), lower face width (P = 0.039) and midfacial depth (P = 0.040) were significantly higher in G2; the upper cutaneous lip height was significantly higher in G1. Sexual dimorphism was observed except for linear measurements (linear distance between the labiale superius and labiale inferius landmarks, nasal root width, and upper cutaneous lip length) and angular measurements. CONCLUSIONS: G2 had a greater length and width of nose and nasal root, nasal tip angle, philtrum width, and lower face width, midfacial depth, and midface third than G1. These findings also revealed the presence of sexual dimorphism.

Anti-biofilm effectiveness of protocols for cleaning complete dentures in hospitalized patients: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Denture biofilm acts as a potential reservoir for respiratory pathogens, considerably increasing the risk of lung infections, specifically aspiration pneumonia, mainly 48h after hospital admission. The establishment of a straightforward, affordable, and applicable hygiene protocol in a hospital environment for the effective control of denture biofilm can be particularly useful to prevent respiratory infections or reduce the course of established lung disease. Objectives To evaluate the anti-biofilm effectiveness of denture cleaning protocols in hospitalized patients. Methodology The maxillary complete dentures (MCDs) of 340 hospitalized participants were randomly cleaned once using one of the following 17 protocols (n=20): brushing with distilled water, toothpaste, or neutral liquid soap (controls); immersion in chemical solutions (1% sodium hypochlorite, alkaline peroxide, 0.12% or 2% chlorhexidine digluconate), or microwave irradiation (650 W for 3 min) combined or not with brushing. Before and after the application of the protocols, the biofilm of the intaglio surface of the MCDs was evaluated using two methods: denture biofilm coverage area (%) and microbiological quantitative cultures on blood agar and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (CFU/mL). Data were subjected to the Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=0.05). Results All 17 protocols significantly reduced the percentage area of denture biofilm and microbial and fungal load (P<0.05). The highest percentage reductions in the area of denture biofilm were observed for 1% hypochlorite solution with or without brushing and for 2% chlorhexidine solution and microwave irradiation only in association with brushing (P<0.05). The greatest reductions in microbial and fungal load were found for the groups that used solutions of 2% chlorhexidine and 1% hypochlorite and microwave irradiation, regardless of the association with brushing (P<0.05). Conclusions A single immersion for 10 min in 1% sodium hypochlorite, even in the absence of brushing, proved to be a straightforward, rapid, low-cost, and effective protocol for cleaning the dentures of hospitalized patients.

Chromosomal characterization of three species of Serrasalmini (Serrasalmidae: Characiformes).

The tribe Serrasalmini is a diverse group with paraphyletic genera and taxonomic uncertainties. Several studies have been carried out in this group of fish in order to understand this problem, including the cytogenetic approach. In this study, three species of a clade of Serrasalmini were characterized cytogenetically - Pristobrycon striolatus, Catoprion absconditus and Pygopristis denticulatus. The three species presented diploid number (2n) equal to 62 chromosomes, of one and two arms, with karyotypic formulas and species-specific fundamental numbers. Heterochromatin is centromeric and terminal (bi-telomeric) in most chromosomes, with a conspicuous interstitial block at pair 1 (m) in all three species. The nucleolar organizer regions were multiple and C-band positive, and their location was confirmed via 18S ribosomal DNA mapping; however, with additional sites. The 5S rDNA was located in interstitial region of long arm of pair 1 (m), in the three species (homeologous). Moreover, we observed synteny between 18S and 5S in the species C. absconditus and P. denticulatus, which, according to fiber-FISH, are interspersed. Thus, the maintenance of 2n (62) evidences the diversification of chromosomal formulas within the clade by non-Robertsonian rearrangements and reflects the paraphyly of the related species.

Evaluation of the labial protrusion and lip esthetic changes after complete denture treatment through stereophotogrammetry.

PURPOSE: Evaluating the facial esthetics of complete denture (CD) treatment using a 3D analysis of the lower third of the face before (T1) and after (T2) treatment by comparing and correlating measurements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-one edentulous patients were enrolled, and three-dimensional (3D) images were captured before (T1) and after (T2) CD delivery. Twelve landmarks were established in the face. Linear, angular, surface, and perimeter measurements were evaluated and compared with the paired t test. The delta (Δ) values (T2-T1) were assessed by the Spearman correlation to verify the associations between all measurements according to the facial parameters (α=.05). RESULTS: Statistical differences were identified in the lower third of the face in the linear measurement Sn-Gn (P = 0.006), the angular measure Tright-Pg-Tleft (P = 0.004), and at the surface of the lower third of the face (P = 0.001). All measurements were statistically different in the labial protrusion area: the nasolabial angle (Prn-Sn-Ls), the surface, and the perimeter (P = 0.001). In the lip evaluation, statistical differences were observed in the linear (Ls-Li), surface, and perimeter measurements (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The facial esthetic proportions of the linear and perimeter measurements increased, and the angles of sealed lips and nasolabial and lower facial convexity decreased after CD delivery. The present study showed a clinical important correlation between linear and angular measurements that should help restore facial esthetics, providing metrics that can aid the clinician in facial composition.

Efeito imediato da mobilização com movimento (MWM) em pacientes com dor lombar: um estudo randomizado controlado / Immediate effect of mobilization with movement (MWM) in patients with low back pain: a randomized controlled trial

Objective: To analyze the effect of the Mobilization With Movement (MWM) of the Mulligan's concept in the perception of nociceptive and neuropathic pain, range of motion (ROM) and joint mobility of individuals with low back pain. Method: This is a randomized and controlled clinical trial, with 30 volunteers with nonspecific low back pain, divided into: Intervention Group (INTG), that received sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAG) type MWM of the Mulligan's concept; Control Group (CONTG), which received a similar intervention to INTG. Volunteers were assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain); the Modified Schober Test (MST) and ROM by goniometry for lumbar spine mobility and Douleur Neuropatique 4 (DN4) questionnaire for assessment of neuropathic and nociceptive pain. Results: INTG showed an increase in lumbar flexion (pre-intervention= 81.21±15.23°; post-intervention= 90.00±19.62°, p< 0.05), mobility of the lumbar spine in MST (pre= 15.33±1.05 post= 16.08±1.02, p< 0.05) and reduction of pain perception by NRS Pain (pre= 5.33±2.26; post= 1.47±2.61 p< 0.05) and in CONTG (pre= 4.07±2.34; post= 2.20±1.93, p< 0.05). Conclusion: The intervention with MWM - SNAGs promoted improved ROM and mobility in flexion of the lumbar spine, associated with reduction from the nociceptive pain in INTG and CONTG.

Objetivo: Analisar o efeito da Mobilization Whith Movement (MWM) do conceito Mulligan na percepção de dor nociceptiva e neuropática, na amplitude e na mobilidade articular de indivíduos com dor lombar. Métodos: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado, de 30 voluntários com dor lombar inespecífica, divididos em: Grupo Intervenção (GINT) que recebeu a mobilização articular com deslizamentos apofisários naturais mantidos (MWM - SNAGs); Grupo Controle (GCONT), que recebeu uma mobilização articular placebo. Os voluntários foram avaliados pela escala numérica de dor (EVN); pelo teste modificado de Schober (TMS) para a mobilidade da coluna lombar e pelo DN4 para avaliação da dor neuropática e nociceptiva. Resultados: GINT apresentou aumento da flexão lombar (pré intervenção= 81,21±15,23°; pós-intervenção= 90,00±19,62°, p= <0,05), da mobilidade da coluna lombar no TMS (pré= 15,33±1,05 pós= 16,08±1,02, p= <0,05) e redução da percepção de dor pela EVN (pré= 5,33±2,26; pós= 1,47±2,61= p< 0,05) e no GCONT (pré= 4,07±2,34; pós= 2,20±1,93, p < 0,05). Conclusão: A intervenção com MWM - SNAGs promoveu melhora da ADM e da mobilidade na flexão da coluna lombar, associada com redução da dor nociceptiva no GINT e no GCONT.

Reabilitação oral com próteses parciais removíveis após restabelecimento de dimensão vertical de oclusão e tratamento multidisciplinar: relato de caso / Oral rehabilitation with removable partial dentures after restoration of the vertical dimension of occlusion and multidisciplinary treatment: case report

As próteses parciais removíveis (PPRs) são uma alternativa de tratamento viável na prática clínica para reabilitar arcos parcialmente desdentados. Entretanto, o planejamento dessas próteses e preparo bucal prévio são frequentemente negligenciados. O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar o caso clínico de uma reabilitação oral com PPRs superior e inferior após abordagem multidisciplinar, de modo a enfatizar as fases de um planejamento criterioso e de preparo prévio dos dentes pilares, visando o sucesso e a longevidade da reabilitação. Paciente do sexo masculino de 57 anos de idade compareceu à clínica da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, queixando-se da estética de seu sorriso e de algumas ausências dentárias. O indivíduo utilizava uma PPR provisória inferior insatisfatória e apresentava perda de dimensão vertical de oclusão (DVO). Após o exame clínico, radiográfico e estudo do caso em articulador semi-ajustável, realizou-se o planejamento com abordagens restauradoras, endodônticas, periodontais e protéticas. Após tratamento periodontal, foi realizada endodontia dos elementos 12, 15 e 47, confecção de núcleos e coroas nos dentes 12 e 15, restauração a nível gengival para apoio residual no dente 47, restaurações nos dentes 11, 13, 22, 24 e 44 e, por fim, a confecção das PPRs superior e inferior. A abordagem multidisciplinar utilizada neste caso clínico viabilizou o restabelecimento da DVO e possibilitou o sucesso da reabilitação protética(AU)

Removable partial dentures (RPDs) are a viable treatment alternative in clinical practice to rehabilitate partially edentulous arches. However, the planning of these dentures and prior oral preparation are often neglected. This article aims to report the clinical case of an oral rehabilitation with upper and lower RPDs after a multidisciplinary approach, to emphasize the phases of careful planning and prior preparation of the abutment teeth, aiming at the success and longevity of the rehabilitation. A 57-year-old male patient came to the clinic of the Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, complaining about the esthetics of his smile and some missing teeth. The subject was using an unsatisfactory lower provisional prosthesis and had a loss of vertical dimension of occlusion (OVD). After the clinical and radiographic examination and the case study in a semi-adjustable articulator, planning was carried out with restorative, endodontic, periodontal and prosthetic approaches. After periodontal treatment, endodontics were performed on elements 12, 15 and 47, creation of cores and crowns on teeth 12 and 15, restoration at the gingival level for residual support on tooth 47, restorations on teeth 11, 13, 22, 24 and 44 and, finally, the making of the upper and lower PPRs. The multidisciplinary approach used in this clinical case enabled the restoration of the OVD and enabled the success of the oral rehabilitation(AU)

Current Perspectives on Cleft Lip and Palate and Children's Health.

Orofacial clefts are the most prevalent craniofacial congenital anomalies, affecting the lip, with or without involvement of the palate, or solely the palate [...].

Correlation between cleft width and dental arch symmetry in cleft lip and palate: a longitudinal study.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of cleft width on dental arch symmetry of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Forty-one children were subjected to impression preoperatively (T1; mean age = 0.31 ± 0.07 years) and postoperatively (T2; mean age = 6 .73 ± 1.02 years). Eighty-two digitized dental casts were analyzed by stereophotogrammetry software. The cleft palate width was measured in the anterior (P-P'), middle (M-M'), and posterior (U-U') regions. Also, the following measurements were obtained: anterior intersegment (I-C') and intrasegment (I-C); total intersegment (I-T') and intrasegment (I-T); cleft-side (C'-T') and non-cleft-side (C-T) canine tuberosity. Paired t test and Pearson correlation coefficient were applied (α = 5%). Cleft width had the following means: 10.16 (± 3.46) mm for P-P', 12.45 (± 3.00) mm for M-M', and 12.57 (± 2.71) mm for U-U'. In the longitudinal analysis, I-C' had a significant reduction, while the other measurements significantly increased (p < 0.001). Asymmetry was verified in the following analyses at T1: I-C' vs. I-C and I-T' vs. I-T (p < 0.001); at T2, only in I-C' vs. I-C (p < 0.001). At T1, P-P' vs. I-C' (r = 0.722 and p < 0.001), P-P' vs. I-T' (r = 0.593 and p < 0.001), M-M' vs. I-C' (r = 0.620 and p < 0.001), and M-M' vs. I-T' (r = 0.327 and p < 0.05) showed a positive and significant correlation. At T2, there was a correlation between M-M' and I-C' (r = 0.377 and p < 0.05). In conclusion, the anterior and middle cleft widths influenced palatal asymmetry in the first months of life, while middle width influenced residual asymmetry.

Investigation of Flaviviruses Emerging in Brazil as Etiology Factor in Nonsyndromic Orofacial Cleft.

Brazil has one of the largest forest areas on the planet and the potential for the emergence of new diseases. In turn, orofacial clefts, especially cleft lip and or palate (CL/P), are characterized as congenital malformations and may be associated with genetic and environmental factors. The present study aimed to investigate in silico the flavivirus's potential to emerge in Brazil as an etiology of CL/P. A scoring method was created based on literature and nucleotide similarity analysis. An integrative analysis of the literature was performed to answer the questions through the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar to have a more significant number of results. The software Basic Local Alignment Search Tool-BLAST 2.12.0, through the Genomic + Transcript Databases (Human Genomic plus Transcript Human G+T), was selected to find similarities with human sequences associated with CL/P. The viral sequences used were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Virus-NCBI Virus, in which only complete and referential genomes were selected. The flavivirus that emerged in Brazil and presented a high potential to cause CL/P was the Iguape virus strain (species Aroa virus ), followed by the Cacipacore virus and the Rocio virus strain (species Ilheus virus ) with medium potential to cause CL/P. In conclusion, we suggest among the virus evaluated that the Iguape virus presented a high potential of causing CL/P. As prevention, the control of arthropods and the hospital diffusion on viral dynamics, mainly in the CL/P context and other congenital malformations, are indicated.

Bone Substitutes Graft for Regeneration of the Anterior Maxillary Alveolar Process: A Systematic Review.

The objective of this systematic review was to identify the available scientific evidence on bone substitutes (BSs) compared with autogenous bone grafts (ABGs) for regeneration of horizontal bone resorption in the anterior maxillary alveolar process, aiming at rehabilitation with endosseous implants. This review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines (2020) and registered in the database PROSPERO (CRD: 42017070574). The databases searched were PUBMED/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, SCIENCE DIRECT, WEB OF SCIENCE, and CENTRAL COCHRANE, in the English language. The Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool were used to assess the study's quality and risk of bias. A total of 524 papers were found. After the selection process, 6 studies were selected for review. A total of 182 patients were followed for a period of 6 to 48 months. The mean age of patients was 46.46 years, and 152 implants were installed in the anterior region. Two studies achieved a reduced graft and implant failure rate, whereas the remaining 4 studies had no losses. It may be concluded that the use of ABGs and some BSs is a viable alternative for the rehabilitation with implants in individuals with anterior horizontal bone loss. However, additional randomized controlled trials are warranted due to the limited number of papers.

Indicadores de morbimortalidade da covid-19 em crianças e adolescentes no estado do Ceará / Covid-19 morbidity and mortality indicators in children and adolescents in the state of Ceará

Objetivo: descrever os indicadores de morbimortalidade da covid-19 em crianças e adolescentes no estado do Ceará. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo observacional, analítico, do tipo transversal que avaliou dados secundários referente às notificações de covid-19, em crianças e adolescentes, no estado do Ceará, dos anos de 2020 a 2022. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da base de dados da Integração das Informações da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Ceará. Para o processamento dos dados, utilizou-se o Microsoft Excel, o qual foi organizado em tabelas e analisado por meio de estatística descritiva. A pesquisa não necessitou de aprovação em Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: observou-se, tanto para o sexo feminino quanto para o masculino, que o ano de 2021 obteve o maior número de casos notificados, confirmados e óbitos, e as faixas etárias mais acometidas foram as de zero a quatro anos e adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos. Para os indicadores de incidência, o sexo feminino teve maior incidência de casos confirmados na faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos. Os indicadores de mortalidade estiveram maiores entre as crianças de zero a quatro anos do sexo masculino, nos anos 2021 e 2022. Conclusões: os achados deste estudo reforçam que alguns grupos podem ter maior risco de desfechos ruins. O que torna necessário identificar fatores associados a resultados insatisfatórios em crianças e adolescentes com covid-19.

Objective: to describe the morbidity and mortality indicators of covid-19 in children and adolescents in the State of Ceará. Methods this is an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study that evaluated secondary data regarding notifications of covid-19 in children and adolescents in the state of Ceará from 2020 to 2022. Data collection took place through the database of the Integration of Information of the Secretariat of Health of the State of Ceará. Microsoft Excel was used for data processing, they were organized in tables and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The research did not require approval from the Research Ethics Committee. Results: it was observed, for both females and males, that the year 2021 had the highest number of reported, confirmed cases and deaths, and the most affected age groups were those from zero to four years and adolescents from 15 to 19 years old. For the incidence indicators, females had a higher incidence of confirmed cases in the age group of 15 to 19 years. Mortality indicators were higher among male children aged zero to four years in the years 2021 and 2022. Conclusions: The findings of this study reinforce that some groups may be at greater risk of poor outcomes. This makes it necessary to identify factors associated with unsatisfactory outcomes in children and adolescents with covid-19.

Arch Symmetry in Patients Without and With Cleft Lip and Palate After Orthodontic/Rehabilitative Treatment-A Stereophotogrammetry Study.

To evaluate and compare the dental arch symmetry of individuals with and without cleft lip and palate after orthodontic/rehabilitation treatment.Cross-sectional study.Tertiary cleft center in Brazil.Fifty-five participants aged between 18 and 30 years were divided into 3 groups according to treatment. Patients that received either a fixed partial denture (FPD) or implant-supported crown (ISC) in the cleft area or only orthodontic treatment, noncleft patients (NC).An analysis was performed using digitized dental casts scanned by laser and software. The following linear measurements were evaluated: incisor-canine; canine-molar; incisor-molar; surface and volume of the palatal region.Three-way ANOVA was used to compare the study factors: group (FPD/ISC/NC) and side (right/left) followed by the Tukey test to verify their interaction (α = .05).The results showed statistically significant differences among groups for the maxillary linear measurements canine-molar and incisor-molar, but not for incisor-canine. No statistically significant differences were found regarding the side for the maxillary measurements, while the factor interaction showed similarity only for incisor-canine. The mandibular measurements showed no statistical differences among groups, sides, or factor interactions. In surface and volume, all values in patients with cleft presented lesser than in without cleft patients.Regardless of the rehabilitation, arch symmetry can be achieved in the incisor-canine dimension in the cleft area.

The Public Health Importance of Flaviviruses as an Etiological Environmental Factor in Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate: In silico Study.

This in silico study aims to investigate flaviviruses as an environmental factor in the etiology of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P).A scoring method with 7 topics-disease, transplacental passage, tropism, cellular damage, reported case, analysis of genome similarity, and transcriptome between virus and host, was created based on literature and in silico experimentation. Viral genomes of NCBI virus were obtained and BLAST 2.12.0 was applied for the similarity analysis, adjusted to search for only human sequences related to CL/P with the statistical threshold defined for E-value ≤1.Flaviviruses with high potential to cause CL/P were: serotypes 2, 3, and 4 of the Dengue virus and lineage 2 of the West Nile virus, while the Yellow Fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Tick-borne encephalitis virus, and Saint Louis encephalitis virus presented with medium potential to cause CL/P. As for the Zika virus, even strains associated with microcephaly showed only medium potential.Dengue virus and West Nile virus presented with high potential to act as environmental factors in the etiology of CL/P.

Correlation between cleft width and dental arch symmetry in cleft lip and palate: a longitudinal study

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the influence of cleft width on dental arch symmetry of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Forty-one children were subjected to impression preoperatively (T1; mean age = 0.31 ± 0.07 years) and postoperatively (T2; mean age = 6 .73 ± 1.02 years). Eighty-two digitized dental casts were analyzed by stereophotogrammetry software. The cleft palate width was measured in the anterior (P-P'), middle (M-M'), and posterior (U-U') regions. Also, the following measurements were obtained: anterior intersegment (I-C') and intrasegment (I-C); total intersegment (I-T') and intrasegment (I-T); cleft-side (C'-T') and non-cleft-side (C-T) canine tuberosity. Paired t test and Pearson correlation coefficient were applied (α = 5%). Cleft width had the following means: 10.16 (± 3.46) mm for P-P', 12.45 (± 3.00) mm for M-M', and 12.57 (± 2.71) mm for U-U'. In the longitudinal analysis, I-C' had a significant reduction, while the other measurements significantly increased (p < 0.001). Asymmetry was verified in the following analyses at T1: I-C' vs. I-C and I-T' vs. I-T (p < 0.001); at T2, only in I-C' vs. I-C (p < 0.001). At T1, P-P' vs. I-C' (r = 0.722 and p < 0.001), P-P' vs. I-T' (r = 0.593 and p < 0.001), M-M' vs. I-C' (r = 0.620 and p < 0.001), and M-M' vs. I-T' (r = 0.327 and p < 0.05) showed a positive and significant correlation. At T2, there was a correlation between M-M' and I-C' (r = 0.377 and p < 0.05). In conclusion, the anterior and middle cleft widths influenced palatal asymmetry in the first months of life, while middle width influenced residual asymmetry.

Prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo: conhecimento de gestantes / Práctica exclusiva de la lactancia: conocimiento de los gestantes / Exclusive breastfeeding practice: knowledge of pregnant women

Introdução: o aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) é definido quando a criança recebe apenas o leite humano direto da mama ou ordenhado, sem a oferta de qualquer líquido ou alimento, exceto medicamentos. É preconizado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde até seis meses de idade, pois é a nutrição suficiente para crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança. Entretanto, sua adesão está muito aquém do recomendado pelos órgãos nacionais e internacionais. Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento das gestantes referente à prática de aleitamento materno exclusivo. Metodologia: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com treze gestantes, com idade gestacional acima da 25ª semana. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista gravada em domicílio e submetidos à análise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: três categorias emergiram a partir da análise dos discursos: 1) Benefícios do leite materno, 2) O (des)conhecimento sobre o aleitamento materno exclusivo e 3) A prática de educação em saúde sobre o aleitamento materno. As gestantes entendem sobre os benefícios do leite materno para a saúde materno-infantil, porém, desconhecem o real conceito da prática de aleitamento materno exclusivo, uma vez que as gestantes associam a ausência do aleitamento materno exclusivo somente quando oferecem outros tipos de leites ou alimentos. Para elas, na oferta de chás e água, os bebês ainda permanecem em amamentação exclusiva. Conclusão: reforça-se a importância das orientações acerca da prática de amamentação exclusiva, reforçando sua desmistificação em relação ao uso de chás e água, bem como incluindo as desvantagens do desmame precoce. Esse conhecimento pode influenciar positivamente no bem-estar e a qualidade de vida do binômio mãe-filho.

Introduction: exclusive breastfeeding (SMA) is defined when the child receives only human milk directly from the breast or milked, without the supply of any liquid or food, except medicines. It is advocated by the World Health Organization for up to six months of age, as it is sufficient nutrition for the child's growth and development. However, its membership is far from what is recommended by national and international bodies. Objective: To identify the knowledge of pregnant women regarding the practice of exclusive breastfeeding. Methodology: qualitative research, carried out with thirteen pregnant women, with gestational age above the 25th week. The data were collected by means of an interview recorded at home and submitted to the analysis of the Collective Subject Discourse. Results: three categories emerged from the analysis of the discourses: 1) Benefits of maternal milk, 2) The (un)knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding and 3) The practice of health education about breastfeeding. Pregnant women understand the benefits of breast milk for maternal and child health, but are unaware of the real concept of exclusive breastfeeding practice, since pregnant women associate the absence of exclusive breastfeeding only when they offer other types of milk or food. For them, in the supply of teas and water, the babies still remain in exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: the importance of guidelines on exclusive breastfeeding practice is reinforced, reinforcing its demystification in relation to the use of teas and water, as well as including the disadvantages of early weaning. This knowledge can positively influence the well-being and quality of life of the mother-child binomial.

Introducción: la lactancia materna se define cuando el niño sólo recibe leche materna directa o leche materna, sin ofrecer ningún líquido o alimento, excepto medicamentos. La Organización Mundial de la Salud lo recomienda hasta los seis meses de edad, ya que es suficiente nutrición para el crecimiento y el desarrollo del niño. Mientras tanto, su adhesión está muy lejos de lo que recomiendan los organismos nacionales e internacionales. Propósito: identificar los conocimientos de las mujeres embarazadas sobre la práctica de la lactancia materna exclusiva. Metodología: investigación cualitativa, realizada con 13 mujeres embarazadas, con una edad gestacional superior a la 25ª semana. Los datos se recogieron mediante una entrevista registrada en el país de origen y se sometieron al análisis del discurso del sujeto colectivo. Resultados: del análisis de los discursos surgieron tres categorías: 1) Beneficios de la leche materna, 2) O (des)conocimiento de la lactancia materna y 3) La práctica de la educación sanitaria sobre la lactancia materna. Las mujeres embarazadas entienden los beneficios de la leche materna para la salud maternoinfantil, pero no conocen el concepto real de la práctica de la lactancia materna exclusiva, ya que las mujeres embarazadas asocian la ausencia de lactancia materna exclusiva sólo cuando ofrecen otros tipos de leche o alimentos. Para ellos, en el suministro de té y agua, los bebés siguen siendo exclusivamente amamantados. Conclusión: se refuerza la importancia de las directrices sobre la práctica de la lactancia materna exclusiva, reforzando su desmitificación en relación con el uso de té y agua, así como las desventajas del destete precoz. Este conocimiento puede influir positivamente en el bienestar y la calidad de vida del binomio madre-hijo.

Vírus e fissuras orofaciais: um histórico isolado e de associação / Viruses and orofacial clefts: an isolated and associational history / Virus y fisuras orofaciales: una historia aislada y asociativa

Os vírus são microrganismos comumente associados as doenças e infectam todos os seres vivos. Atuam de forma direta e indireta levando a pressão seletiva, com papel significativo e ainda em exploração no planeta. As fissuras orofaciais são anomalias congênitas de etiologia complexa e multifatorial, sendo as infecções virais durante a gestação um dos possíveis fatores etiológicos. A história da humanidade frente aos vírus e fissuras orofaciais de forma isolada é vasta, remontando a períodos antes de Cristo, seja por meio de leis para o controle de pragas e/ou por lendas de míticas criaturas deificadas e/ou demonizadas, cuja criação está fundamentada na Teoria Alegórica do surgimento das mitologias, demonstrando assim o interesse do ser humano e sua curiosidade em inovação e explicação destes assuntos. Considerando a relevância histórica, bem como a possível relação etiológica destes dois elementos, uma revisão da literatura foi realizada para apresentar a história mitológica e científica dos vírus e fissuras orofaciais, de forma isolada e associadas para fins de comparação. Para isso, foram utilizadas as bases PubMed/Medline, SciElo, LILACS e Portal Periódicos (CAPES) com os descritores: Virus, Anomalias/Anomalies, Virus and Anomalias/Virus and Anomalies, A History of viruses/História dos vírus, Virus and History/História and Virus, Virus and Myth/Virus and Mito, Anomalias and Mitos/Anomalies and Myths, Vampires and Virus/Vampiros and Virus. Enquanto o histórico mitológico é cheio de teorias contraditórias, o histórico cientifico acadêmico se revela coerente, porém resistente as novas áreas de atuação, não ponderando novas possibilidades e limitando a exploração científica, que só pôde ser alcançada nos séculos atuais. Quanto a associação, a linha de pesquisa relacionando vírus e fissuras orofaciais não possui nem meio século de existência, propiciando um grande campo a ser explorado e na mesma medida limitando os benefícios em prevenção que poderiam ser obtidos através destes estudos.

Viruses are microorganisms commonly associated with diseases that infect all living beings, they act directly and indirectly leading to selective pressure, their role on the planet is significant and still under exploration. Orofacial clefts are congenital anomalies that have a complex multifactorial etiology, with viral infections during pregnancy being one of the possible etiological factors. The history of humanity in the face of viruses and orofacial clefts in isolation is vast, dating back to periods before Christ, whether through laws for pest control and/or legends of mythical deified and/or demonized creatures, whose creation is fundamentalized in the Allegorical Theory of the emergence of mythologies, thus demonstrating the interest of human beings and their curiosity in innovation and explanation of these subjects. Considering the historical relevance, as well as the possible etiology relationship of these two elements, we carried out a literature review to present the mythological and scientific history of viruses and orofacial clefts, isolated and associated for comparison purposes. For this intent, the bases PubMed/Medline, SciElo, LILACS and Portal Periódicos (CAPES) were selected with the descriptors: A History of viruses/História dos vírus, Virus and History/História and Virus, Virus and Myth/Virus and Mito, Anomalias and Mitos/Anomalies and Myths, Vampires and Virus/Vampiros and Virus. While the mythological history is full of contradictory theories, the academic, scientific history proves to be consistent, but resistant to new areas of action, not considering new possibilities and limiting scientific exploration, which can only be achieved in the present centuries. As for the association, the line of research relating viruses and orofacial clefts does not even have half a century of existence, providing a large field to be explored and at the same time limiting the benefits of prevention that could be obtained through these studies.

Los virus son microorganismos comúnmente asociados a enfermedades que infectan a todos los seres vivos, actúan directa e indirectamente provocando presión selectiva, su papel en el planeta es significativo y aún en exploración. Las hendiduras orofaciales son anomalías congénitas que tienen una compleja etiología multifactorial, siendo las infecciones virales durante el embarazo uno de los posibles factores etiológicos. La historia de la humanidad frente a los virus y las hendiduras orofaciales de forma aislada es vasta, remontándose a períodos anteriores a Cristo, ya sea a través de leyes para el control de plagas y/o leyendas de criaturas míticas deificadas y/o demonizadas, cuya creación se fundamentaliza en la Teoría Alegórica del surgimiento de las mitologías, demostrando así el interés del ser humano y su curiosidad en la innovación y explicación de estos temas. Considerando la relevancia histórica, así como la posible relación etiológica de estos dos elementos, realizamos una revisión bibliográfica para presentar la historia mitológica y científica de los virus y las hendiduras orofaciales, aislados y asociados para fines de comparación. Para ello, se seleccionaron las bases PubMed/Medline, SciElo, LILACS y Portal Periódicos (CAPES) con los descriptores: A History of viruses/História dos vírus, Virus and History/História and Virus, Virus and Myth/Virus and Mito, Anomalias and Mitos/Anomalías y Mitos, Vampiros and Virus/Vampiros y Virus. Mientras que la historia mitológica está llena de teorías contradictorias, la historia académica, científica, se muestra coherente, pero resistente a nuevos campos de actuación, no considerando nuevas posibilidades y limitando la exploración científica, que sólo puede alcanzarse en los siglos actuales. En cuanto a la asociación, la línea de investigación que relaciona virus y hendiduras orofaciales no tiene ni medio siglo de existencia, proporcionando un gran campo a ser explorado y al mismo tiempo limitando los beneficios de prevención que podrían ser obtenidos a través de estos estudios.